Embryo Biopsy for PGT at Boston IVF: A Closer Look at Genetic Testing

For patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) offers valuable insights into the genetic composition of embryos before they are transferred into the uterus. This process helps identify embryos with the correct number of chromosomes, reducing the risk of miscarriage and implantation failure. While embryo biopsy may sound complex, it’s a crucial step in ensuring a successful outcome for many families. Let's break down how it works at Boston IVF and why it’s so important.

What is Embryo Biopsy?

An embryo biopsy is the process of removing a small number of cells from an embryo for genetic testing. The testing, known as PGT, allows our specialists to analyze the DNA and/or chromosomes of the embryo, determining whether it is chromosomally normal or carries any genetic abnormalities. 

PGT testing can help identify embryos that are more likely to result in a successful pregnancy, which is particularly important for patients who have experienced recurrent miscarriages, failed IVF cycles, or are at higher risk for genetic disorders.

The Importance of a Sterile Environment

Because we are testing the embryo’s DNA, contamination is a big concern. Any external cells—whether from the embryologist’s skin, saliva, or even an eyelash—could alter the results. For this reason, our team takes special precautions during the biopsy process. Masks, gloves, and sterile working conditions are mandatory to ensure that we are analyzing only the embryo’s DNA and not any contaminants.

The Biopsy Process: Carefully Accessing the Embryo

Embryo biopsy typically takes place on day 5 or day 6 or 7 of development, when the embryo has reached the blastocyst stage. At this stage, the embryo consists of two main parts: the inner cell mass, which will eventually form the baby, and the trophectoderm, which will become the placenta.

During the biopsy, our embryologists carefully select cells from the trophectoderm, staying as far away from the inner cell mass as possible to avoid disrupting the part of the embryo that will become the baby. To do this, we use a combination of holding and biopsy pipettes, along with a laser, to gently separate a small group of cells from the embryo. 

How We Use a Laser for Precision

One of the key tools in embryo biopsy is a laser, which allows our team to precisely cut through the connections between the cells in the trophectoderm. Since embryos are tiny and delicate, the laser ensures a precise, minimally invasive approach.  

Ensuring Embryo Safety During Biopsy

It’s important to note that the inner cell mass remains intact after the biopsy. Although we remove a small number of cells from the trophectoderm, the embryo continues to develop and expand naturally. By the time the embryo reaches the blastocyst stage, it is capable of hatching out of its outer shell, called the zona pellucida. In cases where biopsy is in the treatment plan- on day 3 of culture, an embryologist trained in biopsy will perform a task called “zona laser”.  This process involves lasering a small hole in the zona pellucida to allow some cells to start hatching out by day 5, 6 and 7 (when biopsy is performed).  Having trophectoderm cells protruding out of the zona is ideal for biopsy. 

Sending the Cells for Genetic Testing

Once the biopsy is complete, the biopsied cells are placed into a sterile tube and sent to a specialized genetics lab. There, the DNA of the embryo is analyzed for chromosomal normalcy. The goal is to identify embryos with the correct number of chromosomes, as most chromosomally abnormal embryos will not result in a successful pregnancy. The biopsied embryos remain vitrified at Boston IVF.  

Why Patients Choose PGT

Embryo biopsy for PGT provides significant benefits for patients looking to increase their chances of a successful pregnancy after embryo transfer. It helps reduce the risk of miscarriage and implantation failure by ensuring only chromosomally normal embryos are selected for transfer. For many patients, this peace of mind is invaluable, as it can decrease the emotional and physical toll of repeated IVF cycles.

While the biopsy process might seem daunting, it is a safe and highly effective method that Boston IVF employs with the utmost care. Our skilled embryologists are trained to handle embryos with precision and delicacy, ensuring the best possible outcome for our patients.

Conclusion

At Boston IVF, embryo biopsy for PGT may be one important element in helping a family achieve a successful pregnancy. If you have any questions or concerns about the biopsy process or PGT testing, our team is always here to provide information and support. 

Your embryos are in the best hands, and our dedication to excellence ensures that every step of your fertility journey is handled with precision, care, and compassion.